Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries
In an incomplete spinal cord injury, patients will retain some level of sensory or motor function below the site of the injury. Central cord syndrome is the most common type of incomplete spine injury, which causes greater impairment in the arms and hands than in the legs and feet.
An incomplete injury may affect sides of the body differently. Someone with such an injury may be able to move one arm or leg more than the other, or might have greater functioning or only partial impairment on one side of their body.
Other examples of incomplete spinal cord injuries include:
- Brown-Sequard syndrome
- Anterior cord syndrome
- Conus medullaris syndrome
- Posterior cord syndrome
Complete Spinal Cord Injuries
A complete spinal cord injury causes total loss of sensory and motor function below the injury site, with both sides of the body affected equally. Data from AANS shows that around half of all spinal cord injuries are categorized as complete.
Paralysis
Paralysis may occur whenever the spinal column suffers a contusion or bruise, there is compromised blood flow, or it is transected or cut. Medical professionals categorize paralysis as either complete or partial.
Complete paralysis occurs when nerve damage is so severe that there is no feeling or control over affected muscles. Partial paralysis occurs when there is still some level of feeling and control (no matter how slight) over affected muscles.
Paralysis can further be categorized by the location:
- Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) – Affects the trunk, arms, hands, legs, feet, and pelvic organs
- Paraplegia – Affects the entirety or lower half of the trunk, legs, feet, and pelvic organs